Radiological and Functional Outcome of Medial Epicondyle Fracture Treated Surgically in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Study

PURPOSE Fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle represent approximately 10% of all pediatric elbow fractures. Surgically treated pediatric fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle were analyzed retrospectively for their epidemiological, clinical, radiological and surgical parameters. The evaluation includes the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS). METHODS Twenty-five surgically treated fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle were analyzed. A valgus stress test was performed under general anesthesia or sedation. All patients underwent open reduction internal fixation using a similar technique. The medial epicondylar fragment was anatomically reduced and fixed in all cases with screws and Kirschner wires. At final evaluation, union was assessed radiologically, and elbow function was assessed by MEPS. RESULTS An evaluation of all our patients after a mean follow-up of 8.75 months (SD=4.76) after initial surgery was possible. The mean age of patients at the time of injury was 10.8 years (SD=2.3). Fifteen (60%) dominant elbows were injured in our study and twelve (48%) elbows had an associated elbow dislocation. On examination in the operating room post anesthesia, all the elbow injuries revealed some degree of valgus instability. All our patients (n=25) showed good to excellent results in MEPS. Radiographically, union was achieved in all cases. Three patients developed postoperative ulnar nerve neuropraxia; all recovered at time of final follow-up. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that open reduction internal fixation of displaced medial epicondyle fractures leads to satisfactory motion and function. A valgus stress test in the operating room can reveal the true nature of joint instability that can warrant operative stabilization of medial epicondylar injuries.